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Euler Column Buckling
End Conditions:
Pin-Pin
Pin-Fixed
Fixed-Fixed
Cantilever
Applied Load:
50
% of P
cr
Slenderness (L/r):
100
Initial Imperfection:
1
%
Stable: P < P
cr
Euler's formula:
P
cr
= π²EI / (KL)² — The critical load depends on end conditions (K factor), length, and stiffness. At P
cr
, the column buckles laterally.