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ABM ✦ 71

XY Model

Continuous spins θ ∈ [0, 2π) on a lattice, energy E = −J·Σcos(θ_i − θ_j). Below TBKT ≈ 0.89 vortex–antivortex pairs bind into a quasi-ordered phase; above, free vortices proliferate. Hue = angle (HSL).

Sweep0
|M|²
Energy/site
Vortices