← Back to Morphogenesis

Epithelial Folding

Coordinated cell shape changes bend epithelial sheets into complex 3D structures. Apical constriction (cells narrowing at top) causes invagination. Witness tissue mechanics transform flat sheets into tubes, cups, and folds.
Type: Invagination
Epithelial Cell (apical)
Constricting Cell
Myosin II (contractile)
Basal Surface