Capillary Action - Jurin's Law & Meniscus Formation

Simulation Controls

Liquid Presets

Liquid Properties

Surface Tension (mN/m): 72

Contact Angle (°): 20

Density (kg/m³): 1000

Tube Configuration

Number of Tubes: 5

Min Radius (mm): 0.5

Max Radius (mm): 3

Visualization

Show Force Vectors

Show Theoretical Height

Show Molecular View

Liquid (Water-like)

Liquid (Mercury-like)

Surface Tension Force

Jurin's Law

h = 2γcos(θ) / ρgr

Height = (2 × Surface Tension × cos(Contact Angle)) / (Density × Gravity × Radius)

Tube Measurements

Physical Constants

Gravity (g): 9.81 m/s²

cos(θ): 0.94

Capillary Length: 2.7 mm

Physics: Capillary action occurs when adhesive forces between liquid and tube wall exceed cohesive forces within the liquid. The liquid rises (or falls for mercury) until surface tension is balanced by gravitational force. Contact angle θ < 90° causes rise (wetting), θ > 90° causes depression (non-wetting).

Capillary Action Simulation