Bacterial Conjugation

Horizontal Gene Transfer via F-Pilus

F- (Recipient)
F+ (Donor)
Hfr (High freq)
Conjugating
Generation: 0
F- Cells: 0
F+ Cells: 0
Hfr Cells: 0
Conjugations: 0
Active Pairs: 0

F Plasmid Transfer

F+ cells carry the F plasmid and produce a sex pilus to contact F- cells. DNA is transferred through a mating bridge, converting F- to F+. Hfr cells have F integrated into chromosome, enabling transfer of chromosomal genes. Conjugation is a major driver of antibiotic resistance spread.