Toxin Production

Bacterial Toxin Evolution with Regulation and Fitness Costs

Non-producer
Low Toxin
High Toxin
Toxin
Generation:0
Non-producers:0
Low Toxin:0
High Toxin:0
Toxin Level:0

Toxin Production

Bacterial toxins can kill competitors but are costly to produce. Regulated expression (quorum sensing) allows bacteria to produce toxins only when needed. Evolution balances competitive advantage against metabolic cost. Low-nutrient conditions favor non-producers.